Spring growth gets heat check as Sacramento hits 90-plus
This incipient bunch of table grapes will be pruned by at least a third to focus the vine's energy in the grapes closest to the branch. Kathy Morrison
After roller-coaster weather patterns, Sacramento is experiencing something very normal – heat. And it’s just what our gardens need.
According to the National Weather Service, Sacramento will see its string of 90-degree days continue through Wednesday. By next weekend, afternoon highs will cool into the mid 80s. Overnight temperatures are warming, too, staying in the high 50s.
Normal for mid May in Sacramento: Highs of 80 degrees and lows of 51.
It’s about time this heat showed up. Sacramento recorded its first 90-degree day of 2024 on Friday (May 10) when downtown hit 92 degrees. In 2023, the first 90-degree day was April 27, says the weather service. On average, Sacramento sees the first 90-degree day on May 4.
Our soon-to-be summer gardens need this warmth. You’ll see the effects immediately.
Warm nights as well as hot days will increase soil temperatures. That’s a good thing; tomatoes, peppers, eggplant and other summer favorites need warm soil to grow, and respond rapidly.
More than 10 degrees above normal, this May heat will speed growth in many plants (especially weeds). They’ll quickly go to seed – don’t let them.
In their first flush of blooms, roses will fade more quickly on hot days; cut bouquets in the morning to enjoy indoors.
Lawns will grow faster, too. New shoots on shrubs and perennials will almost appear before your eyes. Fruit will develop quickly on trees (and may need thinning).
All this growth means your garden is thirsty. Recent rain gave plants some moisture reserves, but give your garden some extra irrigation this week – especially young seedlings or new transplants.
Another plus for 90-degree days: Heat kills fungal diseases. Days over 90 degrees will stop powdery mildew outbreaks; the fungus can’t replicate when temperatures are too high. That’s good news for roses and grapes.
Get your gardening chores and irrigation done early in the day before temperatures rise.
* Plant, plant, plant! It’s prime planting season in the Sacramento area. Time to set out those tomato transplants along with peppers and eggplants. Pinch off any flowers on new transplants to make them concentrate on establishing roots instead of setting premature fruit.
* Direct-seed melons, cucumbers, summer squash, corn, radishes, pumpkins and annual herbs such as basil.
* Harvest cabbage, lettuce, peas and green onions. This heat will cause leafy greens and onions to flower; pick them before they bolt.
* In the flower garden, direct-seed sunflowers, cosmos, salvia, zinnias, marigolds, celosia and asters.
* Plant dahlia tubers. Other perennials to set out include verbena, coreopsis, coneflower and astilbe.
* Transplant petunias, marigolds and perennial flowers such as astilbe, columbine, coneflowers, coreopsis, dahlias, rudbeckia and verbena.
* Keep an eye out for slugs, snails, earwigs and aphids that want to dine on tender new growth.
* Feed summer bloomers with a balanced fertilizer.
* For continued bloom, cut off spent flowers on roses as well as other flowering plants.
* Got fruit trees? If you haven't already done so, thin orchard fruit such as apples, peaches, pears, pluots and plums before they grow too heavy, breaking branches or even splitting the tree. Leave the largest fruit on the branch, culling the smaller ones, and allow for 5 to 6 inches (or a hand's worth) between each fruit.
* Thin grape bunches, again leaving about 6 inches between them. For the remaining bunches, prune off the "tail" end, about the bottom third of the bunch, so that the plant's energy is concentrated in the fruit closest to the branch.
* As spring-flowering shrubs finish blooming, give them a little pruning to shape them, removing old and dead wood. Lightly trim azaleas, fuchsias and marguerites for bushier plants.
* Add mulch to the garden to help keep that precious water from evaporating. Mulch also cuts down on weeds. But don’t let it mound around the stems or trunks of trees or shrubs. Leave about a 6-inch to 1-foot circle to avoid crown rot or other problems.
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Garden Checklist for week of Nov. 3
November still offers good weather for fall planting:
* If you haven't already, it's time to clean up the remains of summer. Pull faded annuals and vegetables. Prune dead or broken branches from trees.
* Now is the best time to plant most trees and shrubs. This gives them plenty of time for root development before spring growth. They also benefit from fall and winter rains.
* Set out cool-weather annuals such as pansies and snapdragons.
* Lettuce, cabbage and broccoli also can be planted now.
* Plant garlic and onions.
* Keep planting bulbs to spread out your spring bloom. Some possible suggestions: daffodils, crocuses, hyacinths, tulips, anemones and scillas.
* This is also a good time to seed wildflowers and plant such spring bloomers as sweet pea, sweet alyssum and bachelor buttons.
* Rake and compost leaves, but dispose of any diseased plant material. For example, if peach and nectarine trees showed signs of leaf curl this year, clean up under trees and dispose of those leaves instead of composting.
* Save dry stalks and seedpods from poppies and coneflowers for fall bouquets and holiday decorating.
* For holiday blooms indoors, plant paperwhite narcissus bulbs now. Fill a shallow bowl or dish with 2 inches of rocks or pebbles. Place bulbs in the dish with the root end nestled in the rocks. Add water until it just touches the bottom of the bulbs. Place the dish in a sunny window. Add water as needed.
* Give your azaleas, gardenias and camellias a boost with chelated iron.
* For larger blooms, pinch off some camellia buds.
* Prune non-flowering trees and shrubs while dormant.
* To help prevent leaf curl, apply a copper fungicide spray to peach and nectarine trees after they lose their leaves this month. Leaf curl, which shows up in the spring, is caused by a fungus that winters as spores on the limbs and around the tree in fallen leaves. Sprays are most effective now.
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